UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
| FORM | |||||
(Mark One)
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2022
OR
For the transition period from ___________ to ____________
| Commission File Number: | |||||
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | ||||
(Address of principal executive offices)
(713 ) 332-8400
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||||||
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
| Large accelerated filer | ☐ | ☒ | |||||||||
| Non-accelerated filer | ☐ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | Smaller reporting company | |||||||||
| Emerging growth company | |||||||||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
The number of shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, $.01 par value per share, outstanding as of April 29, 2022 was 14,889,053 .
CARRIAGE SERVICES, INC.
INDEX
| Page | |||||
| Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | |||||
| Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities | |||||
| Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures | |||||
| Item 5. Other Information | |||||
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PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.Financial Statements.
CARRIAGE SERVICES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
(unaudited and in thousands, except share data)
| December 31, 2021 | March 31, 2022 | ||||||||||
| ASSETS | |||||||||||
| Current assets: | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Accounts receivable, net | |||||||||||
| Inventories | |||||||||||
| Prepaid and other current assets | |||||||||||
| Total current assets | |||||||||||
| Preneed cemetery trust investments | |||||||||||
| Preneed funeral trust investments | |||||||||||
| Preneed cemetery receivables, net | |||||||||||
| Receivables from preneed funeral trusts, net | |||||||||||
| Property, plant and equipment, net | |||||||||||
| Cemetery property, net | |||||||||||
| Goodwill | |||||||||||
| Intangible and other non-current assets, net | |||||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | |||||||||||
| Cemetery perpetual care trust investments | |||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | |||||||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | |||||||||||
| Current liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Current portion of debt and lease obligations | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Accounts payable | |||||||||||
| Accrued and other liabilities | |||||||||||
| Total current liabilities | |||||||||||
| Acquisition debt, net of current portion | |||||||||||
| Credit facility | |||||||||||
| Senior notes | |||||||||||
| Obligations under finance leases, net of current portion | |||||||||||
| Obligations under operating leases, net of current portion | |||||||||||
| Deferred preneed cemetery revenue | |||||||||||
| Deferred preneed funeral revenue | |||||||||||
| Deferred tax liability | |||||||||||
| Other long-term liabilities | |||||||||||
| Deferred preneed cemetery receipts held in trust | |||||||||||
| Deferred preneed funeral receipts held in trust | |||||||||||
| Care trusts’ corpus | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities | |||||||||||
| Commitments and contingencies: | |||||||||||
| Stockholders’ equity: | |||||||||||
Common stock, $ | |||||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | |||||||||||
| Retained earnings | |||||||||||
Treasury stock, at cost; | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Total stockholders’ equity | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | $ | |||||||||
The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
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CARRIAGE SERVICES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(unaudited and in thousands, except per share data)
| Three months ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2021 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| Revenue: | |||||||||||
| Service revenue | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Property and merchandise revenue | |||||||||||
| Other revenue | |||||||||||
| Field costs and expenses: | |||||||||||
| Cost of service | |||||||||||
| Cost of merchandise | |||||||||||
| Cemetery property amortization | |||||||||||
| Field depreciation expense | |||||||||||
| Regional and unallocated funeral and cemetery costs | |||||||||||
| Other expenses | |||||||||||
| Gross profit | |||||||||||
| Corporate costs and expenses: | |||||||||||
| General, administrative and other | |||||||||||
| Net (gain) loss on divestitures, disposals and impairments charges | ( | ||||||||||
| Operating income | |||||||||||
| Interest expense | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Accretion of discount on convertible subordinated notes | ( | ||||||||||
| Gain on insurance reimbursements | |||||||||||
| Other, net | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Income before income taxes | |||||||||||
| Expense for income taxes | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Tax adjustment related to discrete items | |||||||||||
| Total expense for income taxes | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Basic earnings per common share: | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Diluted earnings per common share: | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Dividends declared per common share: | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding: | |||||||||||
| Basic | |||||||||||
| Diluted | |||||||||||
The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
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CARRIAGE SERVICES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(unaudited and in thousands)
| Three months ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2021 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities: | |||||||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | |||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | |||||||||||
| Provision for credit losses | |||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | |||||||||||
| Deferred income tax expense | |||||||||||
| Amortization of intangibles | |||||||||||
| Amortization of debt issuance costs | |||||||||||
| Amortization and accretion of debt | |||||||||||
| Net loss on divestitures, disposals and impairment charges | |||||||||||
| Gain on insurance reimbursements | ( | ||||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities that provided (used) cash: | |||||||||||
| Accounts and preneed receivables | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Inventories, prepaid and other current assets | ( | ||||||||||
| Intangible and other non-current assets | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Preneed funeral and cemetery trust investments | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Accounts payable | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Accrued and other liabilities | ( | ||||||||||
| Deferred preneed funeral and cemetery revenue | |||||||||||
| Deferred preneed funeral and cemetery receipts held in trust | |||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | |||||||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities: | |||||||||||
| Acquisitions of real estate | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Proceeds from divestitures and sale of other assets | |||||||||||
| Proceeds from insurance reimbursements | |||||||||||
| Capital expenditures | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities: | |||||||||||
| Borrowings from the credit facility | |||||||||||
| Payments against the credit facility | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Conversions and maturity of the convertible notes | ( | ||||||||||
| Payments on acquisition debt and obligations under finance leases | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Payments on contingent consideration recorded at acquisition date | ( | ||||||||||
| Proceeds from the exercise of stock options and employee stock purchase plan contributions | |||||||||||
| Taxes paid on restricted stock vestings and exercise of stock options | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Dividends paid on common stock | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Purchase of treasury stock | ( | ||||||||||
| Other financing costs | ( | ||||||||||
| Net cash used in financing activities | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | $ | |||||||||
The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
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CARRIAGE SERVICES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(unaudited and in thousands)
| Shares Outstanding | Common Stock | Additional Paid-in Capital | Retained Earnings | Treasury Stock | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance – December 31, 2020 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock from employee stock purchase plan | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock to directors and board advisor | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of restricted common stock | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of stock options | — | ( | — | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cancellation and surrender of restricted common stock | ( | — | ( | — | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends on common stock | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Convertible notes conversions | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance – March 31, 2021 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares Outstanding | Common Stock | Additional Paid-in Capital | Retained Earnings | Treasury Stock | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance – December 31, 2021 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock from employee stock purchase plan | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock to directors and board advisor | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of stock options | — | ( | — | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cancellation and surrender of restricted common stock | ( | — | ( | — | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends on common stock | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Treasury stock acquired | ( | — | — | — | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance – March 31, 2022 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
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CARRIAGE SERVICES, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)
1.BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The Company
Carriage Services, Inc. (“Carriage,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) is a leading provider of funeral and cemetery services and merchandise in the United States. Our operations are reported in two business segments: Funeral Home Operations, which currently account for approximately 70 % of our revenue and Cemetery Operations, which currently account for approximately 30 % of our revenue. At March 31, 2022, we operated 168 funeral homes in 26 states and 31 cemeteries in 11 states.
Our funeral home operations are principally service businesses that generate revenue from sales of burial and cremation services and related merchandise, such as caskets and urns. Funeral services include consultation, the removal and preparation of remains, the use of funeral home facilities for visitation and memorial services and transportation services. We provide funeral services and products on both an “atneed” (time of death) and “preneed” (planned prior to death) basis.
Our cemetery operations generate revenue primarily through sales of cemetery interment rights (primarily grave sites, lawn crypts, mausoleum spaces and niches), related cemetery merchandise (such as memorial markers, outer burial containers and monuments) and services (interments, inurnments and installation of cemetery merchandise). We provide cemetery services and products on both an atneed and preneed basis.
Reclassifications
Certain reclassifications have been made to prior period amounts on our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows related to debt and debt issuance costs to conform to the current period financial statement presentation with no effect on our previously reported Consolidated Statements of Operations and Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
We consider all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.
Our funeral receivables are recorded in Accounts receivable, net and primarily consist of amounts due for funeral services already performed.
Atneed cemetery receivables and preneed cemetery receivables with payments expected to be received within one year from the balance sheet date are also recorded in Accounts receivable, net. Preneed cemetery receivables with payments
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expected to be received beyond one year from the balance sheet date are recorded in Preneed cemetery receivables, net. Our cemetery receivables generally consist of preneed sales of cemetery interment rights and related products and services, which are typically financed through interest-bearing installment sales contracts, generally with terms of up to five years , with such interest income reflected as Other revenue. In substantially all cases, we receive an initial down payment at the time the contract is signed.
For our funeral and atneed cemetery receivables, we have a collections policy where statements are sent to the customer at 30 days past due. Past due notification letters are sent at 45 days and continue until payment is received or the contract is placed with a third-party collections agency. For our preneed cemetery receivables, we have a collections policy where past due notification letters are sent to the customer beginning at 15 days past due and periodically thereafter until payment is received or the contract is cancelled.
Our allowance for credit losses reflects our best estimate of expected credit losses over the term of both our funeral and cemetery receivables. Our policy is to write off receivables when we have determined they will no longer be collectible. Write-offs are applied as a reduction to the allowance for credit losses and any recoveries of previous write-offs are netted against bad debt expense in the period recovered.
We determine our allowance for credit losses by using a loss-rate methodology, in which we assess our historical write-off of receivables against our total receivables over several years. From this historical loss-rate approach, we also consider the current and forecasted economic conditions expected to be in place over the life of our receivables. These estimates are impacted by a number of factors, including changes in the economy, demographics and competition in our local communities. We monitor our ongoing credit exposure through an active review of our customers’ receivables balance against contract terms and due dates. Our activities include timely performance of our accounts receivable reconciliations, assessment of our aging of receivables, dispute resolution and payment confirmation. We monitor any change in our historical write-off of receivables utilized in our loss-rate methodology and assess forecasted changes in market conditions within our credit reserve.
See Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements herein for additional information related to our funeral and cemetery receivables.
Inventory
Inventory consists primarily of caskets, outer burial containers and cemetery monuments and markers and is recorded at the lower of its cost basis or net realizable value. Inventory is relieved using specific identification in fulfillment of performance obligations on our contracts.
Business Combinations
Tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at fair value and goodwill is recognized for any difference between the price of the acquisition and fair value. We recognize the assets acquired, the liabilities assumed and any non-controlling interest in the acquiree at the acquisition date, measured at the fair value as of that date. Acquisition related costs are recognized separately from the acquisition and are expensed as incurred. We customarily estimate related transaction costs known at closing. To the extent that information not available to us at the closing date subsequently becomes available during the allocation period, we may adjust goodwill, intangible assets, assets or liabilities associated with the acquisition.
We did not acquire any businesses in the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2022.
Divested Operations
Prior to divesting a funeral home or cemetery, we first determine whether the sale of the net assets and activities (together referred to as a “set”) qualifies as a business. First, we perform a screen test to determine if the set is not a business. The principle of the screen is that if substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets sold resides in a single asset or group of similar assets, the set is not a business. If the screen is not met, we perform an assessment to determine if the set is a business by evaluating whether the set has both inputs and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs. When both inputs and a substantive process are present then the set is determined to be a business and we consider the accounting treatment of goodwill for that set (see discussion of Goodwill below). Goodwill is only allocated to the sale if the set is considered to be a business.
During the three month ended March 31, 2022, we sold two funeral homes for an aggregate of $0.9 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, we sold one funeral home for $1.5 million and merged 1 funeral home with another business we own in an existing market.
See Notes 3 and 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements herein for additional information related to our divestitures.
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Goodwill
The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable net assets of funeral home businesses and cemeteries acquired is recorded as goodwill. Goodwill has an indefinite life and is not subject to amortization. As such, we test goodwill for impairment on an annual basis as of August 31st each year. Under current guidance, we are permitted to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more-likely-than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform a quantitative goodwill impairment test.
Our intent is to perform a quantitative impairment test at least once every three years and perform a qualitative assessment during the remaining two years . In addition to our annual test, we assess the impairment of goodwill whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of a reporting unit may be greater than fair value. Factors that could trigger an interim impairment review include, but are not limited to, significant negative industry or economic trends and significant adverse changes in the business climate, which may be indicated by a decline in our market capitalization or decline in operating results.
When we divest a portion of a reporting unit that constitutes a business in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”), we allocate goodwill associated with that business to be included in the gain or loss on divestiture. The goodwill allocated is based on the relative fair value of the business being divested and the portion of the reporting unit that will be retained. Additionally, after each divestiture, we will test the goodwill remaining in the portion of the reporting unit to be retained for impairment using a qualitative assessment unless we deem a quantitative assessment to be appropriate to ensure the fair value of our reporting units is greater than their carrying value.
See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for additional information related to our goodwill.
Intangible Assets
Our intangible assets include tradenames resulting from acquisitions and are included in Intangible and other non-current assets, net on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. Our tradenames are considered to have an indefinite life and are not subject to amortization. As such, we test our intangible assets for impairment on an annual basis as of August 31st each year. Under current guidance, we are permitted to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more-likely-than not that the fair value of the tradename is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform a quantitative impairment test.
Our intent is to perform a quantitative impairment test at least once every three years and perform a qualitative assessment during the remaining two years . In addition to our intangible assets annual test, we assess the impairment of intangible assets whenever certain events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the intangible asset may be greater than the fair value. Factors that could trigger an interim impairment review include, but are not limited to, significant under-performance relative to historical or projected future operating results and significant negative industry or economic trends.
See Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for additional information related to our intangible assets.
Preneed and Perpetual Care Trust Funds
Preneed sales generally require deposits to a trust or purchase of a third-party insurance product. We have established a variety of trusts in connection with funeral home and cemetery operations as required under applicable state laws. Such trusts include (i) preneed funeral trusts; (ii) preneed cemetery merchandise and service trusts; and (iii) cemetery perpetual care trusts.
Our preneed and perpetual care trust funds are reported in accordance with the principles of consolidating Variable Interest Entities (“VIEs”). In the case of preneed trusts, the customers are the legal beneficiaries. In the case of perpetual care trusts, we do not have a right to access the corpus in the perpetual care trusts.
Our trust fund assets are reflected in our financial statements as Preneed cemetery trust investments, Preneed funeral trust investments and Cemetery perpetual care trust investments. We have recognized financial interests of third parties in the trust funds in our financial statements as Deferred preneed funeral and cemetery receipts held in trust and Care trusts’ corpus.
The fair value of our trust fund assets are accounted for as Collateralized Financing Entities (“CFEs”) in ASC Topic 810. The accounting guidance for CFEs allows companies to elect to measure both the financial assets and financial liabilities using the more observable of the fair value of the financial assets or fair value of the financial liabilities. Pursuant to this guidance, we have determined the fair value of the financial assets of the trusts are more observable and we first measure those financial assets at fair value. Our fair value of the financial liabilities mirror the fair value of the financial assets, in accordance with the ASC. Any changes in fair value are recognized in earnings.
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In accordance with respective state laws, we are required to deposit a specified amount into perpetual and memorial care trust funds for each interment right and certain memorials sold. Income from the trust funds is distributed to us and used to provide for the care and maintenance of the cemeteries and mausoleums. Trust fund income is recognized as revenue when realized by the trust and distributable to us. We are restricted from withdrawing any of the principal balances of these funds.
We also have preneed funeral trust fund assets in trusts that are controlled and operated by third parties in which we do not have a controlling financial interest (less than 50%) in the trust assets. We account for these investments at cost, reflected in our financial statements as Receivables from preneed funeral trusts, net.
Our preneed funeral and preneed cemetery merchandise and service trusts are reflected in our financial statements net of an allowance for contract cancellations. We determine this allowance based on our five-year historical experience of contract cancellations. On an ongoing basis, we monitor our historical trend and adjust our allowance accordingly.
See Notes 6 and 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements herein for additional information related to preneed and perpetual care trust funds.
Fair Value Measurements
We measure the securities held by our funeral merchandise and service, cemetery merchandise and service, and cemetery perpetual care trusts at fair value on a recurring basis in accordance with ASC Topic 820. This guidance defines fair value as the price that would be received in the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date for items that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually). The guidance establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date.
We disclose the extent to which fair value is used to measure financial assets and liabilities, the inputs utilized in calculating valuation measurements, and the effect of the measurement of significant unobservable inputs on earnings, or changes in net assets, as of the measurement date. We currently do not have any assets that have fair values determined by Level 3 inputs and no liabilities measured at fair value.
See Notes 6 and 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements herein for additional required disclosures related to our fair value measurement of our financial assets and liabilities.
Capitalized Commissions on Preneed Contracts
We capitalize sales commissions and other direct selling costs related to preneed cemetery merchandise and services and preneed funeral trust contracts as these costs are incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. Our capitalized commissions on preneed contracts are amortized on a straight-line basis over the average maturity period of ten years for our preneed funeral trust contracts and eight years for our preneed cemetery merchandise and services contracts.
The selling costs related to the sales of cemetery interment rights, which include real property and other costs related to cemetery development activities, continue to be expensed using the specific identification method in the period in which the sale of the cemetery interment right is recognized as revenue. The selling costs related to preneed funeral insurance contracts continue to be expensed in the period incurred as these contracts are not included on our Consolidated Balance Sheet.
See Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements herein for additional information related to our capitalized commissions on preneed contracts.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment (including equipment under finance leases) are stated at cost. The costs of ordinary maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred, while renewals and major replacements that extend the useful economic life of the asset are capitalized. Depreciation of property, plant and equipment (including equipment under finance leases) is computed based on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets.
Long-lived assets, such as property, plant and equipment and right-of-use assets (see discussion of Leases below) are reported at the lower of their carrying amount or fair value and are reviewed for impairment whenever events, such as significant negative industry or economic trends or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable.
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Property, plant and equipment is comprised of the following (in thousands):
| December 31, 2021 | March 31, 2022 | ||||||||||
| Land | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Buildings and improvements | |||||||||||
| Furniture, equipment and automobiles | |||||||||||
| Property, plant and equipment, at cost | |||||||||||
| Less: accumulated depreciation | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Property, plant and equipment, net | $ | $ | |||||||||
During the three months ended March 31, 2022, we acquired real property for $2.6 million. We also divested two funeral homes that had a carrying value of property, plant and equipment of $0.7 million, which was included in the loss on the sale of divestitures and recorded in Net (gain) loss on divestitures, disposals and impairment charges on our Consolidated Statements of Operations, described in Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.
During the three months ended March 31, 2021, we sold real property for $1.3 million, with a carrying value of $1.0 million, resulting in a gain on the sale of $0.3 million and we divested one funeral home that had a carrying value of property, plant and equipment of $0.4 million. These gains were included in the gain on the sale of divestitures and recorded in Net (gain) loss on divestitures, disposals and impairment charges.
Our growth and maintenance capital expenditures totaled $2.9 million and $4.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively, for property, plant and equipment. In addition, we recorded depreciation expense of $3.4 million for both the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2022.
Cemetery Property
When we acquire a cemetery, we utilize an internal and external approach to determine the fair value of the cemetery property. From an external perspective, we obtain an accredited appraisal to provide reasonable assurance for property existence, property availability (unrestricted) for development, property lines, available spaces to sell, identifiable obstacles or easements and general valuation inclusive of known variables in that market. From an internal perspective, we conduct a detailed analysis of the acquired cemetery property using other cemeteries in our portfolio as a benchmark. This provides the added benefit of relevant data that is not available to third party appraisers. Through this thorough internal process, we are able to identify viable costs of property based on historical experience, particular markets and demographics, reasonable margins, practical retail prices and park infrastructure and condition.
Cemetery property was $100.7 million and $101.6 million, net of accumulated amortization of $53.1 million and $54.4 million at December 31, 2021 and March 31, 2022, respectively. When cemetery property is sold, the value of the cemetery property (interment right costs) is expensed as amortization using the specific identification method in the period in which the sale of the interment right is recognized as revenue. Our growth capital expenditures totaled $1.5 million and $2.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively, for cemetery property development. We recorded amortization expense for cemetery interment rights of $1.5 million and $1.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively.
Leases
We have operating and finance leases. We lease certain office facilities, certain funeral homes and equipment under operating leases with original terms ranging from to twenty years . Many leases include one or more options to renew, some of which include options to extend the leases for up to forty years . We lease certain funeral homes under finance leases with original terms ranging from to forty years . We do not have lease agreements with residual value guarantees, sale-leaseback terms, material restrictive covenants or related parties. We do not have any material sublease arrangements.
We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception based on the facts and circumstances of the agreement. A right-of-use (“ROU”) asset represents our right to use the underlying asset for the lease term and the lease liability represents our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized on our Consolidated Balance Sheet at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As our leases do not provide an implicit interest rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The lease terms used to calculate the ROU asset and related lease liability include options to extend the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Lease expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term as an operating expense, while the expense for finance leases is recognized as depreciation expense and interest expense using the effective interest method of recognition. Variable lease payment amounts that cannot be determined at the commencement of the lease such as increases in lease payments based on changes in index rates or usage, are not included in the ROU assets or liabilities. These are expensed
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as incurred and recorded as variable lease expense. We have real estate lease agreements which require payments for lease and non-lease components and we account for these as a single lease component. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less, that do not include an option to renew the underlying asset, are not recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheet and expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Operating lease ROU assets are included in Operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities are included in Current portion of operating lease obligations and Obligations under operating leases, net of current portion on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. Finance lease ROU assets are included in Property, plant and equipment, net and finance lease liabilities are included in Current portion of finance lease obligations and Obligations under finance leases, net of current portion on our Consolidated Balance Sheet.
See Notes 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for additional information related to our leases.
Equity Plans and Stock-Based Compensation
We have equity-based employee and director compensation plans under which we have granted stock awards, stock options and performance awards. We also have an employee stock purchase plan (the “ESPP”). We recognize compensation expense in an amount equal to the fair value of the stock-based awards expected to vest or to be purchased over the requisite service period. We recognize the effect of forfeitures in compensation cost when they occur and any previously recognized compensation cost for an award is reversed in the period that the award is forfeited.
Fair value is determined on the date of the grant. The fair value of restricted stock is determined using the stock price on the grant date. The fair value of options or awards containing options is determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model or the Monte-Carlo simulation pricing model. The fair value of the performance awards related to market performance conditions is determined using the Monte-Carlo simulation pricing model. The fair value of the ESPP is determined based on the discount element offered to employees and the embedded option element, which is determined using an option calculation model.
We recognize all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies (including tax benefits of dividends on share-based payment awards) as income tax benefit or expense in the income statement. We treat the tax effects of exercised or vested awards as discrete items in the reporting period in which they occur. The excess tax benefit and tax deficiencies are recorded within Tax adjustment related to discrete items on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and the excess tax benefits or deficiencies related to share-based payments are included in operating cash flows on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
See Note 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for additional information related to our equity plans and stock-based compensation.
Revenue Recognition
Funeral and Cemetery Operations Revenue is recognized when control of the merchandise or services is transferred to the customer. Our performance obligations include the delivery of funeral and cemetery merchandise and services and cemetery property interment rights. Control transfers when merchandise is delivered or services are performed. For cemetery property interment rights, control transfers to the customer when the property is developed and the interment right has been sold and can no longer be marketed or sold to another customer. On our atneed contracts, we generally deliver the merchandise and perform the services at the time of need.
Memorial services frequently include performance obligations to direct the service, provide facilities and motor vehicles, catering, flowers, and stationary products. All other performance obligations on these contracts, including arrangement, removal, preparation, embalming, cremation, interment, and delivery of urns and caskets and related memorialization merchandise are fulfilled at the time of need. Personalized marker merchandise and marker installation services sold on atneed contracts are recognized when control is transferred to the customer, generally when the marker is delivered and installed in the cemetery.
Some of our contracts with customers include multiple performance obligations. For these contracts, we allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price, which is based on prices charged to customers per our general price list. Package discounts are reflected net in Revenue. We recognize revenue when the merchandise is transferred or the service is performed, in satisfaction of the corresponding performance obligation. Sales taxes collected are recognized on a net basis in our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Ancillary funeral service revenue, which is recorded in Other revenue, represents revenue from our flower shop, pet cremation and online cremation businesses.
The earnings from our preneed trust investments, as well as trust management fees charged by our wholly-owned registered investment advisory firm (“CSV RIA”) are recorded in Other revenue. As of March 31, 2022, CSV RIA provided investment management and advisory services to approximately 80 % of our trust assets, for a fee based on the market value of
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trust assets. Under state trust laws, we are allowed to charge the trust a fee for advising on the investment of the trust assets and these fees are recognized as income in the period in which services are provided.
Balances due on undelivered preneed funeral trust contracts have been reclassified to reduce Deferred preneed funeral revenue on our Consolidated Balance Sheet of $8.0 million at both December 31, 2021 and March 31, 2022. As these performance obligations are to be completed after the date of death, we cannot quantify the recognition of revenue in future periods. However, we estimate an average maturity period of ten years
Balances due from customers on delivered preneed cemetery contracts are included in Accounts receivable, net and Preneed cemetery receivables, net on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. Balances due on undelivered preneed cemetery contracts have been reclassified to reduce Deferred preneed cemetery revenue on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. The transaction price allocated to preneed merchandise and service performance obligations that were unfulfilled were $10.4 million and $10.8 million at December 31, 2021 and March 31, 2022, respectively. As these performance obligations are to be completed after the date of death, we cannot quantify the recognition of revenue in future periods. However, we estimate an average maturity period of eight years
See Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements herein for additional information related to revenue.
Income Taxes
We and our subsidiaries file a consolidated U. S. federal income tax return, separate income tax returns in 15 states in which we operate and combined or unitary income tax returns in 14 states in which we operate. We record deferred taxes for temporary differences between the tax basis and financial reporting basis of assets and liabilities. We classify our deferred tax liabilities and assets as non-current on our Consolidated Balance Sheet.
We record a valuation allowance to reflect the estimated amount of deferred tax assets for which realization is uncertain. Management reviews the valuation allowance at the end of each quarter and makes adjustments if it is determined that it is more likely than not that the tax benefits will be realized.
We analyze tax benefits for uncertain tax positions and how they are to be recognized, measured, and derecognized in the financial statements; provide certain disclosures of uncertain tax matters; and specify how reserves for uncertain tax positions should be classified on our Consolidated Balance Sheet.
On June 30, 2020, we filed carryback refund claims for the 2018 and 2019 tax years. The majority of the net operating losses generated in 2018 are the result of filing non-automatic accounting method changes relating to the recognition of revenue from our cemetery property and merchandise and services sales.
On October 11, 2021, we received an adverse ruling from the IRS related to our accounting method change for cemetery property revenue recognition filed in 2018 and subsequently filed an automatic accounting method change to adopt the IRS’ preferred method of revenue recognition for cemetery property effective for the year ending December 31, 2021.
On March 2, 2022, we received approval from the IRS regarding our method change filed related to the revenue recognition of cemetery merchandise and services sales. As a result, we recorded a $0.5 million reduction to the reserve for uncertain tax positions during the three months ended March 31, 2022.
At December 31, 2021 and March 31, 2022, the reserve for uncertain tax positions was $3.8 million and $3.2 million, respectively, related to carrying back the NOLs generated in the tax year ended December 31, 2018, filed under the CARES Act on June 30, 2020.
Income tax expense during interim periods is based on our forecasted annual effective tax rate plus any discrete items, which are recorded in the period in which they occur. Discrete items include, but are not limited to, such events as changes in estimates due to finalization of income tax returns, tax audit settlements, tax effects of exercised or vested stock-based awards and increases or decreases in valuation allowances on deferred tax assets.
Income tax expense was $5.6 million and $5.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively. Our operating tax rate before discrete items was 31.0 % and 26.5 % for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively.
Computation of Earnings Per Common Share
Basic earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of common and dilutive common equivalent shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive common equivalent shares consist of stock options and performance awards.
Share-based awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents, whether paid or unpaid, are recognized as participating securities and included in the computation of both basic and diluted earnings per share. Our grants
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of restricted stock awards to our employees are considered participating securities, and we have prepared our earnings per share calculations attributable to common stockholders to exclude outstanding unvested restricted stock awards, using the two-class method, in both the basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding calculation.
Our performance awards are considered to be contingently issuable shares because their issuance is contingent upon the satisfaction of certain performance and service conditions. In accordance with ASC 260, we have included in the computation of diluted earnings per share the number of performance awards that would have been issuable as if the end of the reporting period was the end of the contingency period. These shares are considered to be outstanding at the beginning of the reporting period.
See Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein related to the computation of earnings per share.
2.RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
Reference Rate Reform
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU, Reference Rate Reform (“Topic 848”) to provide optional guidance for a limited time to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform. The new guidance provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The amendments apply only to contracts and hedging relationships that reference London InterBank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or another reference rate expected to be discontinued due to reference rate reform. These amendments are effective immediately and may be applied prospectively to contract modifications made and hedging relationships entered into or evaluated on or before December 31, 2022. We have certain agreements that have LIBOR as a reference rate, which primarily include our Credit Facility (defined in Note 10), which has language for choosing an alternative successor rate if LIBOR reference is no longer considered to be appropriate. Contract modifications are required to be evaluated in determining whether the modifications result in the establishment of new contracts or the continuation of existing contracts. We adopted this amendment in March 2020 and plan to apply the amendments in this update to agreements as they are amended to include a new reference rate or when LIBOR reference is no longer used. We did not utilize the optional expedients and exceptions provided by this ASU during the three months ended March 31, 2022.
Business Combinations - Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers
In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU, Business Combinations (“Topic 805”) to improve the accounting for acquired revenue contracts with customers in a business combination. The amendments in this update provide specific guidance on how to recognize and measure acquired contract assets and contract liabilities from revenue contracts in a business combination. These amendments require that an entity (acquirer) recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with ASC 606 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Topic 606”). At the acquisition date, an acquirer should account for the related revenue contracts in accordance with Topic 606 as if it had originated the contracts. These amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years and should be applied prospectively to business combinations occurring on or after the effective date of the amendments. We plan to adopt the provisions of this ASU for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2023. We are still evaluating the impact of adoption on our consolidated financial statements.
Credit Losses - Vintage Disclosures
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3.GOODWILL
The following table presents changes in goodwill in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet (in thousands):
| December 31, 2021 | March 31, 2022 | ||||||||||
| Goodwill at the beginning of the period | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Decrease in goodwill related to divestitures | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Goodwill at the end of the period | $ | $ | |||||||||
During the three months ended March 31, 2022, we allocated $0.9 million of goodwill to the sale of two funeral homes for
4.DIVESTED OPERATIONS
During the three months ended March 31, 2022, we sold two funeral homes for an aggregate of $0.9 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, we sold one funeral home for $1.5 million and merged one funeral home with another business we own in an existing market.
The operating results of these divested funeral homes are reflected on our Consolidated Statements of Operations as shown in the table below (in thousands):
| Three months ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2021 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Operating income | |||||||||||
Gain (loss) on divestitures(1) | ( | ||||||||||
| Income tax benefit (expense) | ( | ||||||||||
| Net income (loss) from divested operations, after tax | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||
| (1) | Gain (loss) on divestitures is recorded in Net (gain) loss on divestitures, disposals and impairments charges on our Consolidated Statements of Operations. | |||||||||||||
5.RECEIVABLES
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable is comprised of the following (in thousands):
| March 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Funeral | Cemetery | Corporate | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Trade and financed receivables | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other receivables | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allowance for credit losses | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable, net | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Funeral | Cemetery | Corporate | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Trade and financed receivables | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other receivables | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allowance for credit losses | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable, net | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Other receivables include supplier rebates, commissions due from third party insurance companies and perpetual care income receivables. We do not provide an allowance for credit losses for these receivables as we have historically not had any collectability issues nor do we expect any in the foreseeable future.
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| January 1, 2022 | Provision for Credit Losses | Write Offs | Recoveries | March 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trade and financed receivables: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Funeral | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Cemetery | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total allowance for credit losses on Trade and financed receivables | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
Preneed Cemetery Receivables
Our preneed cemetery receivables are comprised of the following (in thousands):
| December 31, 2021 | March 31, 2022 | ||||||||||
| Interment rights | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Merchandise and services | |||||||||||
| Unearned finance charges | |||||||||||
| Preneed cemetery receivables | $ | $ | |||||||||
The components of our preneed cemetery receivables are as follows (in thousands):
| December 31, 2021 | March 31, 2022 | ||||||||||
| Preneed cemetery receivables | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Less: unearned finance charges | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Preneed cemetery receivables, at amortized cost | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Less: allowance for credit losses | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Less: balances due on undelivered cemetery preneed contracts | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Less: amounts in accounts receivable | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Preneed cemetery receivables, net | $ | $ | |||||||||
The following table summarizes the activity in our allowance for credit losses for Preneed cemetery receivables, net (in thousands):
| January 1, 2022 | Provision for Credit Losses | Write Offs | March 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total allowance for credit losses on Preneed cemetery receivables, net | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||
The amortized cost basis of our preneed cemetery receivables by year of origination at March 31, 2022 is as follows (in thousands):
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | Prior | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total preneed cemetery receivables, at amortized cost | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The aging of past due preneed cemetery receivables at March 31, 2022 is as follows (in thousands):
| 31-60 Past Due | 61-90 Past Due | 91-120 Past Due | >120 Past Due | Total Past Due | Current | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Recognized revenue | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred revenue | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total contracts | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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6.TRUST INVESTMENTS
Preneed trust investments represent trust fund assets that we are generally permitted to withdraw as the services and merchandise are provided to customers. Preneed funeral and cemetery contracts are secured by payments from customers, less amounts not required by law to be deposited into trust. These earnings are recognized in Other revenue on our Consolidated Statements of Operations, when a service is performed or merchandise is delivered. Trust management fees charged by CSV RIA are included as revenue in the period in which they are earned. Our investments are diversified across multiple industry segments using a balanced allocation strategy to minimize long-term risk. We do not intend to sell and it is likely that we will not be required to sell the securities prior to their anticipated recovery.
Cemetery perpetual care trust investments represent a portion of the proceeds from the sale of cemetery property interment rights that we are required by various state laws to deposit into perpetual care trust funds. The income earned from these perpetual care trusts offsets maintenance expenses for cemetery property and memorials. This trust fund income is recognized in Other revenue.
Where quoted prices are available in an active market, investments held by the trusts are classified as Level 1 investments pursuant to the three-level valuation hierarchy. Our Level 1 investments include cash, U.S. treasury debt, common stock and equity mutual funds. Where quoted market prices are not available for the specific security, then fair values are estimated by using quoted prices of similar securities in active markets or inputs other than quoted prices that can corroborate observable market data. These investments are fixed income securities, including U.S. agency obligations, foreign debt, corporate debt, preferred stocks, certificates of deposit and fixed income mutual funds and other investments, all of which are classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. We review and update our fair value hierarchy classifications quarterly. See Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for further information of the fair value measurement.
Changes in the fair value of our trust fund assets (Preneed funeral, cemetery and perpetual care trust investments) are offset by changes in the fair value of our trust fund liabilities (Deferred preneed funeral and cemetery receipts held in trust and Care trusts’ corpus) and reflected in Other, net. There is no impact on earnings until such time the services are performed or the merchandise is delivered, causing the contract to be withdrawn from the trust in accordance with state regulations and the gain or loss is allocated to the contract.
We rely on our trust investments to provide funding for the various contractual obligations that arise upon maturity of the underlying preneed contracts. Because of the long-term relationship between the establishment of trust investments and the required performance of the underlying contractual obligations, the impact of current market conditions that may exist at any given time is not necessarily indicative of our ability to generate profit on our future performance obligations.
Preneed Cemetery Trust Investments
The components of Preneed cemetery trust investments on our Consolidated Balance Sheet are as follows (in thousands):
| December 31, 2021 | March 31, 2022 | ||||||||||
| Preneed cemetery trust investments, at market value | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Less: allowance for contract cancellation | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Preneed cemetery trust investments | $ | $ | |||||||||
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The cost and market values associated with preneed cemetery trust investments at March 31, 2022 are detailed below (in thousands):
| Fair Value Hierarchy Level | Cost | Unrealized Gains | Unrealized Losses | Fair Market Value | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and money market accounts | 1 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed income securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. agency obligations | 2 | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign debt | 2 | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate debt | 2 | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preferred stock | 2 | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Certificates of deposit | 2 | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock | 1 | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||